Ip¶¯qÀ cm[mIrjvW³

A\yXmt_m[¯nsâ _lnÀkv^pcWamWp Pm¸\okv kmlnXyImc\mb bkp\mcn Imhm_¯ (Yasunari kawabata) bpsS IrXnIfn \ndªp\n¡p¶Xv. kz´w PohnXw ASnt¨Â¸n¨ A\mYXz¯nÂ\n¶mWv Cu A\yXmt_m[w At±l¯n cqVaqeambXv. 

IYIfpw t\mhepIfpambn Ht«sd IrXnIÄ Imhm_¯bptSXmbn«pWvSv. CXn an¡hbpw BßIYmwiw apän\n¡p¶hbpamWv. Ckphnse \À¯In (The Dancing Girl of Izu), AkmIpkbnse sN¼³ kwLw (The Scarlet Gang of Asakusa), aªpcm{ãw (Snow Country), sImSpapSnbpsS iÐw (The Sound of Mountain) XpS§nb IrXnIÄ A\yXmt_m[¯nsâ t\À¡mgvNbmWp hmb\¡mc\p k½m\n¡p¶Xv. 

P¸m\nse HkmIbn Hcp k¼¶ IpSpw_¯nembncp¶p Imhm_¯bpsS P\\w. _mey¯nte A\mYXz¯nsâ thZ\ A\p`hn¨ At±lw A´ÀapJXz¯nsâ D]mkI\mbncp¶p. Imhm_¯bv¡p \mephbÊmhpt¼mtg¡pw AÑ\pw A½bpw Cu temIw hn«pIgnªncp¶p. ap¯Ñsâbpw ap¯ÈnbpsSbpw kwc£WbnemWp ]n¶oSp hfÀ¶Xv. Imhm_¯bv¡v Hcp tN¨nbpWvSmbncp¶p. A½mbnbmbncp¶p Ahsf hfÀ¯nbncp¶Xv. Hcn¡Â am{XamWv At±lw tN¨nsb IWvSXv. A¶p Imhm_¯bv¡p ]¯phbÊmbncp¶p. sXm«Sp¯ hÀjw tN¨n acn¨p. 

Imhm_¯bv¡v GgphbÊpÅt¸mÄ ap¯Ènbpw 15 hbÊpÅt¸mÄ ap¯Ñ\pw acn¨p. 

Dä_Ôp¡sfÃmw \ãs¸« At±lw A½bpsS IpSpw_¯nemWp tNt¡dnbXv. kvIqÄ hnZym`ymk¯n\p tijw tSm¡ntbm kÀhIemimebnÂ\n¶v 1924 _ncpZsaSp¯p. CXn\Iw B\pImenI§fn IYIÄ FgpXm³ XpS§n. InIqNnIm³ AS¡apÅ A¡mes¯ {]apJ Pm¸\okv Fgp¯pImcpsS {i² ]nSn¨p]äm³ ]cym]vXambncp¶p Imhm_¯bpsS IYIÄ. InIq¨nbpsS ]{Xm[n]Xy¯nepÅ kmlnXyamknIbnemWv At±lw A¡me¯p {][m\ambpw FgpXnbncp¶Xv. 

tSm¡ntbm kÀhIemimebpsS \hNn´mXcwKw (New Tide of Thought) F¶ {]kn²oIcWw \ne¨  kmlnXyamknI ]p\cpÖohn¸n¨Xp Imhm_¯bmWv. 

1921Â {]kn²oIcn¨ bkpIp\n tafbnÂ\n¶pÅ Hcp ImgvN (A View from Yasukuni Festival) F¶ IYbmWv Imhm_¯bpsS BZycN\. 

1924 Imhm_¯bpw ItSIsXs¸, tbmtImanXvkp dnjn F¶nhcS¡apÅ aäp bph Fgp¯pImcpw tNÀ¶p IembpKw (The Artistie Age) F¶ ]pXnb kmlnXy{]kn²oIcWw XpS§n. {]IrXnhmZw (Naturalism) kpc£nXam¡nb ]gb Pm¸\okv kvIqfnt\mSpÅ {]XnIcWambncp¶p B {]kn²oIcWw. F¶mÂ, tkmjyenkväv / I½yqWnkväv kvIqfpIfpsS sXmgnemfnhÀK kmlnXy{]Øm\¯n\pw AXv FXncmbncp¶p. bqtdm]y³ Iyq_nkw, FIvkv{]j\nkw, UmU XpS§nb B[p\nI cN\mkn²m´§fpsS kzm[o\¯n Ie Iebv¡pthWvSn F¶ ap{ZmhmIyamWv IembpKw apt¶m«ph¨Xv. bYmÀY¯n AXv Cw{]j\nk¯nsâ ]cnjvIcn¨ cq]ambncp¶p. 

cWvSmw temIbp²¯nsâ Ahn`mPyLSIamb ssk\nImthisam¶pw Imhm_¯sb BtÇjn¨nÃ. bp²m\´c cm{ãob]cnjvImc§fnepw At±l¯n\p Xm¸cyanÃmbncp¶p. 

bp²w Xsâ kmlnXys¯ kzm[o\n¡p¶ {][m\ LSI§fnsem¶msW¶pw bp²m\´c P¸m\n X\n¡p hnem]KoX§Ä am{Xta FgpXm\mIqsh¶pw At±lw Hcn¡Â ]dbpIbpWvSmbn. 

tSm¡ntbmhnse AkmIpk PnÃbnembncp¶p 1920Ifn Imhm_¯ Xmakn¨ncp¶Xv. sshhn[yamÀ¶ cN\mcoXnIÄ Cu ImeL«¯nemWv At±lw ]co£n¨Xv. AkmIpkbnse sN¼³ kwLw F¶ t\mh Cu ImeL«¯nsâ krãnbmWv. Pbnwkv tPmbvkns\ t]mse t_m[[mcm k{¼ZmbamWv At±l¯nsâ cN\mcoXnsb {it²bam¡p¶Xv. 

1934 At±lw AkmIpkbnÂ\n¶p IamIpc \Kc¯nte¡p Xmakw amän. AhnsS Ipd¨pImew aäv Fgp¯pImcpsam¯p kPohamb kmaqlnIPohnXw \bns¨¦nepw sshImsX At±lw GIm´XbpsS Xpcp¯nte¡p ]n³hm§n. 

aªpcm{ãamWv Imhm_¯bpsS Gähpw al¯mb IrXn. KmVamb {]WbamWv CXnsâ CXnhr¯w. Cu IrXn At±l¯n\p P¸m\nse Gähpw henb Fgp¯pImcs\¶ {]ikvXn t\Sns¡mSp¯p. Bbncw sIm¡pIÄ (Thousand Cranes), Dd§p¶ kpµcnamcpsS `h\w (The House of the Sleeping Beauties), AgIpw ZpxJhpw (Beauty and Sadness), ]gb XeØm\w (The Old Capital) F¶nh bp²m\´cw FgpXnb IrXnIfmWv. 

Bbncw sIm¡pIfn {]Xymibä {]WbamWv Imhm_¯ {]tabam¡p¶Xv. tKmbpsS bPam\³ (The Master of Go) BWp asämcp {][m\ IrXn. 

Xsâ Gähpw anI¨Xmbn Imhm_¯ ]cnKWn¡p¶Xv tKmbpsS bPam\\mWv.  {`m´nsâ Hcp XmÄ (A Page of Madness) F¶ ]co£WmßI kn\nabpsS Xnc¡YmcN\bnepw Imhm_¯bv¡p ]¦mfn¯apWvSmbncp¶p. 

1968Â kmlnXy¯n\pÅ s\mt_Â k½m\¯n\v At±lw AÀl\mbn. s\mt_Â kmlnXy _lpaXn¡v Hcp P¸m³Imc³ AÀl\mhp¶Xv BZyambn«mbncp¶p. 

Imhm_¯bpsS ]e IYIfpw A]qÀW§fmWv. hmb\¡mcpw BkzmZIcpw FgpXp¶ Ipdn¸pIÄ At±ls¯ Nnet¸mÄ tcmjmIpe\m¡pw. AtXmsS Fgp¯p \nebv¡pw. A§s\ IY A]qÀWamhpw.

s\mt_Â k½m\e_v[nbneqsS Pm¸\okv kmlnXys¯ hnizkmlnXy¯nsâ s\dpIbnse¯n¡m³ At±l¯n\p Ignªp. Pm¸\okv kmlnXyw Cw¥ojnepw aäp ]mÝmXy`mjIfnepw samgnamäw \S¯nbXn\p ]n¶nse NmeIiàn Imhm_¯bmbncp¶p. 

1972Â Imhm_¯ A´cn¨p. hnjhmXIw izkn¨n«mbncp¶p acWw. At±l¯nsâ acWw BßlXybmbncp¶psh¶pw A]ISambncp¶psh¶pw cWvSp ]£apWvSv. 

Ipfn¡m³ shÅw NqSm¡ns¡mWvSncns¡ hmXIw \nd¨ ]m{X¯nsâ aqSn A_²¯n Xpd¶pt]mbXmWv Imhm_¯bpsS acW¯n Iemin¨sX¶v At±l¯nsâ Nne Iq«pImcpw `mcybpw ]dbp¶p. 

F¶mÂ, At±lw BßlXysN¿m\pÅ ImcW§Ä \nc¯p¶hÀ \nch[nbmWv. ]À¡n³k¬ tcmKapWvSmbncp¶ At±lw PohnXahkm\n¸n¨psh¶p IcpXp¶hcpapWvSv. Imhm_¯bv¡pWvSmbncp¶ AhnlnX_Ôw At±ls¯ BßlXybnte¡p \bn¨ncn¡m\pÅ km[yX aäp NneÀ XÅn¡fbp¶nÃ. Däkplr¯v bpIntbmanjnabpsS BßlXy At±ls¯ th«bmSnbncp¶p. Zpxkz]v\§Ä ]et¸mgpw Imhm_¯bpsS cm{XnIsf AkzØam¡n. 

Xsâ bm{Xmhnam\w Ft¸mgpw  XIÀ¶phogmsa¶v Aim´amb am\knImhØbn At±lw Iq«pImtcmSp ]dªncp¶Xmbn At±l¯nsâ PohNcn{XImc\mb Xs¡sbm HIvs\m km£ys¸Sp¯p¶p. s\mt_ k½m\w kzoIcn¨psImWvSv At±lw sNbvX {]kwK¯nepw BßlXy ]cmaÀin¡s¸Sp¶pWvSv. P¸m\n BßlXysNbvX {]ikvX Fgp¯pImsc At±lw {]kwK¯n A\pkvacn¡p¶p. cWvSpXhW BßlXy¡p {ian¨ ]ptcmlnX³ CIyphns\ At±lw D²cn¡p¶papWvSv. 

F¶mÂ, kz´w IrXnIfn kqN\tbm Ipdn¸pItfm Dt]£n¡mXncp¶ Imhm_¯bpsS BßlXybpsS t{]cW Zpcqlambn Ahtijn¡p¶p. 

Imhm_¯bpsS s\mt_Â  {]kwK¯nsâ ImXÂ sk³_p²nkambncp¶p. 

aäp amXrIbnepÅ _p²nk§fnÂ\n¶v sk³_p²nkw F§s\ thdn«p \n¡p¶psh¶v At±lw hniZoIcn¡p¶p. 

At±l¯nsâ Hcp IrXn klib\w F¶ t]cn {]ikvX Fgp¯pImc\mb hnemkn\n  aebmf¯n ]cn`mjs¸Sp¯nbn«pWvSv.