\yq-UÂ-l-n: P-½p-þ-I-iv-ao-cn {]m-_-ey-¯n-ep-Å tI-{µ-\n-b-a-§Ä ]p-\-¸-cn-tim-[n-¡-W-sa-¶v kÀ-¡m-À \n-tbm-Kn-¨ a-[y-Ø-kw-L¯nsâ dn-t]mÀ-«v. 1952se I-cm-dn-sâ ^-e-am-bn {]m-_-ey-¯n h-¶ P-½p-þ-I-iv-ao-cp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-« tI-{µ-\n-b-a-§-fpw `-c-W-L-S-\m h-Ip-¸p-I-fpw ]p-\-¸-cn-ti-m-[n-¡p-¶-Xn-\v D-¶-X-\m-b H-cm-fp-sS A-[y-£-X-bn `-c-W-L-S-\m k-an-Xn cq-]o-I-cn-¡-W-sa-¶pw B-dp -am-k-¯n-\-Iw C-Xp ]qÀ-¯n-bm-¡-W-sa-¶pw dn-t]mÀ-«v ip-]mÀ-i- sN-¿p-¶p. 

ap-XnÀ-¶ ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-I³ Zn-eo-]v ]-Zv-tKm-¦À, A-¡m-Z-an-Iv hn-Z-Kv-[-cm-b cm-[mIp-amÀ, Fw Fw A³-km-cn F-¶n-h-c-S-§p-¶ kw-Lw I-gn-ª hÀ-jw H-tÎm-_-dn tI-{µ-kÀ-¡m-cn-\p k-aÀ-¸n-¨ dn-t]mÀ-«v B-`y-´-c a-{´m-e-bw C-¶-se ]-c-ky-s¸-Sp-¯n. 

tI-{µ-\n-b-a-§-fp-sS ]p-\-¸-cn-tim-[-\ sIm-WvSv D-t±-in-¨-Xv 1952se I-cm-dn-\p ap-¼-s¯ A-h-Ø-bn-te-¡p-Å Xn-cn-¨p-t]m-¡-sÃ-¶pw B-dp ]-Xn-äm-WvSn-\n-sS D-WvSm-b am-ä-§Ä-¡-\p-k-cn-¨p tI-{µ-\n-b-a-§-fn am-äw th-W-sa-¶m-sW-¶p-w dn-t]mÀ-«v hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. cm-Py-¯n-sâ kp-{]-[m-\-am-b kp-c-£-þ-km-¼-¯n-I XmÂ-¸-cy-§-Ä ap-³-\nÀ-¯n-b-Ãm-sX I-iv-ao-cn-\p th-WvSn ]mÀ-e-saân {]-tXy-I \n-b-a-\nÀ-am-Ww ]m-Sn-Ã. cm-{ã-]-Xn-bp-sS D-¯-c-thm-sS I-iv-ao-cn tI-{µ-\n-b-a-§-fpw `-c-W-L-S-\m h-Ip-¸p-I-fpw \-S-¸m-¡-cp-sX-¶pw \nÀ-tZ-in-¨n-«p-WvSv. 

`-c-W-L-S-\-bp-sS 370mw h-Ip-¸v A-\p-h-Zn-¡p-¶ {]-tXy-I ]-Z-hn I-iv-ao-cn-\p \Â-I-W-sa-¶pw C-Xn-se XmÂ-¡m-en-Iw F-¶ hm-¡v H-gn-hm-¡-W-sa-¶pw kw-Lw B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. tI-{µ-\n-b-a-§Ä Xp-S-tc-WvS-Xp-tWvSm, F-{X Im-ew h-sc Xp-S-c-Ww, F-s´m-s¡ t`-Z-K-Xn-IÄ h-cp-¯-Ww F-¶p `-c-W-L-S-\m-k-an-Xn Xo-cp-am-\n-¡p-sa-¶pw dn-t]mÀ-«v hy-à-am-¡p-¶p. km-bp[-tk-\m {]-tXy-Im-[n-Im-c \n-b-aw (A-^v-kv-]), {]-iv-\-_m-[n-X ta-J-em \n-b-aw Xp-S-§n-b \n-b-a-§-fpw ]p-\-¸-cn-ti-m-[-\-bv-¡p hn-t[-b-am-t¡-WvS-h-bn DÄ-s¸-Spw.-

I-iv-ao-cn-sâ cm-{ão-bw, km-¼-¯n-Iw, km-aq-ln-Iw F-¶o aq-¶p L-S-I-§-fpw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¯n ]p-Xn-b D-S-¼-Sn th-W-sa-¶-Xm-Wv dn-t]mÀ-«n-sâ B-I-¯p-I. I-iv-ao-cn-sâ km-¼-¯n-I kz-bw-]-cym-]-v-X-X-sb t{]m-Õm-ln-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn-\p tI-{µ-w kw-Øm-\-hp-am-bn {]-tXy-I km-¼-¯n-I I-cm-dp-WvSm-¡-W-sa-¶pw \nÀ-tZ-i-ap-WvSv. 

lpÀ-cn-b-¯v tIm¬-^-d³-kp-am-bn tI-{µ-kÀ-¡mÀ F-{X-bpw th-Kw NÀ-¨ Xp-S-c-W-sa-¶pw \nÀ-tZ-i-ap-WvSv. C-Xv {]-I-S-am-b am-ä-§Ä-¡n-S-bm-¡p-sa-¶pw kw-Lw Nq-WvSn-¡m-«p-¶p. B-`y-´-c A-Sn-b-´-cm-h-Ø G-À-s¸-Sp-t¯-WvS km-l-N-cy-¯n tI-{µw kw-Øm-\-hp-am-bn Iq-Sn-bm-tem-Nn-¡-W-sa-¶pw ip-]mÀ-i-bp-WvSv.-

C-t´m-þ-]m-Iv B-`y-´-c sk-{I-«-dn-X-e NÀ-¨-bv-¡m-bn C-´y³ kw-Lw ]m-In-kv-Xm-\n-se-¯n-b-Xn-\p sXm-«p-]n-d-sI, G-gp am-kw ap-¼v k-aÀ-¸n-¨ dn-t]mÀ-«v C-t¸mÄ ]p-d-¯p-hn-«-Xv cm-{ão-b \n-co-£-IÀ {]-m-[m-\y-t¯m-sS-bm-Wv Im-Wp-¶-Xv. k-am-[m-\-{i-a-§-fp-sS `m-K-am-bn A-XnÀ-¯n \n-b-{´-W-tc-J-bp-sS {]-k-àn Ip-d-¨p-sIm-WvSp-h-c-W-sa-¶v dn-t]mÀ-«n \n-À-tZ-i-hp-ap-WvSv. 

\n-b-{´-W-tc-J-bp-sS C-cp-h-i-§-fn-ep-ap-Å-h-cp-sS _-Ôw sa-¨-s¸-Sp-¯-Ww. C-Xn-\m-bn bm-{X-bv-¡pw N-c-¡p-\o-¡-§Ä-¡p-ap-Å \n-b-{´-W-§-Ä F-Sp-¯p-I-f-b-W-sa-¶pw dn-t]mÀ-«v B-h-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p.