ssN\bpsS BZy h\nXm _lncmImik©mcnbmbn  enbp bmMv Ncn{Xw Ipdn¨p. _lncmImi¯p  kz´ambn Øncw \nebw XpS§m\pÅ ssN\bpsS kz]v\¯n\p km£m¡mcw \ÂIp¶XmWv Cu t\«w. 2020 Bhpt¼mtg¡v A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\neb¯nsâ Imemh[n Ignbpsa¶p IW¡m¡s¸Sp¶p. At¸mtg¡pw  _lncmImi KthjW¯n I®©n¸n¡p¶ thK¯nemWp ssN\ apt¶dpI. -
cWvSphÀj¯n\pÅn a\pjys\ N{µ\nse¯n¡m\pÅ ssN\bpsS {ia¯nsâ apt¶mSnbmbmWv sj³jp 9sâ hnt£]Ww. 2011 hnt£]n¨ Snbmt¦mMvþ1 F¶ _lncmImi ]co£Wt]SIhpambn sj³jp 9 s\ _Ôn¸n¡pI F¶Xmbncp¶p ssN\bpsS e£yw. ssN\ AXnsâ IpXn¸v A\pkyqXw XpScpIbmWv.-

_lncmImibm{XIÄ

ssN\bpsS _lncmImiZuXy§Ä¡p Np¡m³ ]nSn¡p¶Xp ssN\okv _lncmImi KthjWtI{µamb ssN\ \mj\ kvs]bvkv AUvan\nkvt{Sj³ BWv. 1970 G{]nenembncp¶p ssN\ BZys¯ D]{Klw tUmMv ^mMv tlmMv (Dong  fang hong)hnt£]n¨Xv. 2011 ssN\ N{µ\nte¡v NmtM 1 F¶ _lncmImit]SIab¨p. ssN\ N{µ\nse¯n¨ NmtMþ  h¬ F¶ t]SI¯nsâ e£yw N{µs\ H¶msIsbm¶v Af¶p t\m¡pI F¶Xmbncp¶p.  kvt]kv j«nensâ klmbt¯msS hml\sa¯n¨v AhÀ N{µsâ hnkvXoÀWaf¡pIbpw tiJcn¨ hkvXpXIfpambn `qanbn Xncns¨¯pIbpw sNbvXp. BZys¯ D]{Klw hnPbIcambn N{µ{[ph§sf 127 an\näv sImWvSv Npän; CcpWvSp \c¨ N{µsâ Nne Nn{X§Ä Ab¡pIbpapWvSmbn.
 - HIvtSm_À 2003 "sj³jpþ 5' _lncmImit]SI¯neqsS bmMv en shbv ssN\bpsS BZy_lncmImik©mcnbmbn. "sj³jpþ5' F¶ hml\¯n bmMv en shbv GXmWvSv Hcp Znhkw `qansb Npän.
.-2005Â cWvSp ssN\¡mÀ A©p Znhkw _lncmImi¯p Ignªp. 2008Â ssN\okv bm{XnIÀ BZyambn _lncmImi¯p \S¶p.
enbp bmMv

{]mhpIÄ X«n \nb{´Ww hn« hnam\s¯ kpc£nXambn \ne¯nd¡n hmÀ¯Ifn \ndª hyànbmWp enbp bmMv. 1997 thymatk\bnse¯nb ChÀ 2010emWv _lncmImik©mcnIfpsS enÌn s]«Xv.  a[yssN\bnse sl\³ {]hniybnÂ\n¶pÅ enbphns\ 2010 sabv ]¯n\mWv ZuXy¯n\p XncsªSp¯Xv. FbÀt^mgvkv ss]eämb ChÀ P\Iob hntamN\tk\bn taPdpw ssN\okv I½yqWnÌv ]mÀ«n AwKhpamWv. 1963 tkmhnbäv bq\nbsâ hmeâo\ sXcjvtImhbmWp _lncmImi¯v F¯nb BZy h\nX. CXnsâ 49mw hmÀjnI¯nemWp enbp bmMv _lncmImis¯¯nbXv. XpSÀ¶v Atacn¡, {_n«³, Im\U, P¸m³, {^m³kv, Z£nWsImdnb F¶o cmPy§fnÂ\n¶mbn BsI 56 h\nXIÄ Cu t\«w ssIhcn¨p. _lncmImis¯¯p¶ 57mas¯ h\nXbmWp enbp bmMv. vhmeâo\ HgnsIbpÅhsc Atacn¡³bm\§fmWp _lncmImi¯v F¯n¨Xv.-
  enbphpw kwLhpw ]¯p Znhkw _lncmImitI{µ¯n hnhn[ ]co£W§fn GÀs¸Spw. sshZyimkv{Xhpambn _Ôs¸« ]co£W§Ä \S¯m\mWv enbphns\ NpaXes¸Sp¯nbncn¡p¶Xv.  enbphns\ IqSmsX PnMv lmbv]nMv, enbp hmMv F¶nhcmWp hml\¯nepÅXv. lmbv]nMmWp Iam³UÀ. "sj³jpþ9's\ Snbm³tKm³Kv H¶pambn Iq«ntbmPn¸n¡p¶Xnsâ NpaXe enbp hmMn\mWv. BZyw Iw]yq«À klmbt¯msS t]SIs¯ ]co£Wimebpambn LSn¸n¨v "sj³jpþ9' _lncmImibm\¯nÂ\n¶p aqhcpw Snbm³tKm³Knte¡p IS¶v  X§fpsS bm{X hnPbIcam¡n. AhnsS 10 Znhkw X§nb tijw Pq¬ 29 HmsS bm{XnIÀ `qanbnte¡p aS§n.  CXmZyambmWv ssN\okv bm{XnIÀ t]SIw t\cn«p ssIsImWvSp LSn¸n¡p¶Xv. sj³jp Snbm³tKmMpambn _Ôn¸n¨tXmsS _lncmImi¯p kz´ambn Øncw \nebw XpS§m³ BhiyapÅ BfpIsfbpw hkvXp¡sfbpw {`aW]Y¯nepÅ tI{µ§fn F¯n¡m³ ssN\bv¡p km[n¡psa¶p XoÀ¨bmbn.

sj³jp 9


Atacn¡bv¡pw djy-¡pw tijw Hcp h\nXsb _lncmImit¯¡v Ab¡p¶ aq¶mas¯ cmPyamWp ssN\. amthmbpsS kmwkvImcnIhn¹hs¯ A\pkvacn¸n¡p¶ temMv amÀ¨v þ2 F^v F¶ tdm¡ämWp hnt£]W¯n\v D]tbmKn¨ hml\w. ssN\bpsS hS¡³ tKm_n acp`qanbnse PnbpJzm³ _lncmImitI{µ¯n \n¶mWv "sj³jp þ9' t]SIw hnt£]n¨Xv. 2012 Pq¬ 16 C´y³ kabw sshIn«v 4.07\v temMv amÀ¨vþ2 F^v bm{X XpS§n. ssN\ CXphsc D]tbmKn¨Xn h¨v Gähpw `mcw IqSnbXpw iàntbdnbXpamb tdm¡ämWv ZuXy¯n\p]tbmKn¨Xv. temMv amÀ¨vþ 2F^v F¶ tdm¡äv ]¯p an\nän\Iw _lncmImit]SIs¯ 350 Intem aoätdmfw DbscbpÅ {`aW]Y¯n F¯n¨p.
]¯pan\nän\pÅn {`aW]Y¯nse¯nb t]SIw cWvSp Znhk¯n\pÅn Snbm³tKm³Kv þ1  _lncmImitI{µhpambn _Ôw Øm]n¨p. Hcp kv{XobpÄs¸sS aq¶p t]cmWv sj³jp þ9se bm{XnIÀ.   djybpsS anÀ A´mcmjv{S _lncmImitI{µ¯n\p kam´cambn ssN\ \nÀan¨ SnbmMv tKmMvþ1 _lncmImitI{µ¯n ]co£W\nco£W§Ä \S¯m\mWp aq¶p bm{XnIscbpw ssN\ Ab¨Xv. a\pjysc Ab¨v _lncmImit¯¡p ssN\ \S¯p¶ \memas¯ ZuXyamWnXv. 
djybpsS tkmbqkv _lncmImit]SI¯nsâ amXrIbnepÅXmWv sj³jp t]SIw. Atacn¡bv¡pw ap³ tkmhnbäv bq\nb\pw tijw kz´w bm\¯n h\nXsb _lncmImi¯v F¯n¡p¶ cmPysa¶ t\«w ssN\ IcØam¡n.  2003, 2005, 2008 hÀj§fnembncp¶p ap³ ZuXy§Ä.- -.

Snbm³tKmMvþ 1


Snbm³tKmMv þ1  F¶ ssN\bpsS {]Ya _lncmImi ]co£Wime, hS¡³ ssN\bnse tKm_n acp`qanbnse PnbpJzm³ _lncmImi Xmhf¯nÂ\n¶p 2011 k]vXw_À 29\p  hnt£]n¡s¸«p. kzÀKobsIm«mcw F¶mWp Snbm³tKmMv F¶ ssN\okv ]Z¯nsâ XÀPa. a\pjyÀ¡p Xmakn¨p ]co£Ww \S¯m\pÅ Snbm³tKmMv s{]mPIväv 9212 ]²XnbpsS XpS¡amWnXv. `qanbnÂ\n¶p 350 IntemaoäÀ AIe¯nemWv Cu _lncmImikvtäjsâ {`aW]Yw. \ofw 10 -5 aoäÀ.  Snbm³tKmMvþ 1 djybpsS BZy _lncmImi\neamb "keyq«n'sâ ]IpXn `mcapÅXpw HXp¡apÅXpamWv. CXnsâ `mcw 8.- 5 S¬ BWv. - tj³jpþ 8 F¶ asämcp hml\w 2011 CXnsâ XpWbv¡mbn Ab¨p. bp.Fkv.F, djy F¶nhÀs¡m¸w a\pjys\ _lncmImit¯¡v Ab¡m³ IgnhpÅ iànbmbn ssN\bpw amdnbncn¡p¶p. -  _lncmImi¯v Øncw \nebw Øm]n¡p¶Xn\p apt¶mSnsb¶ \nebn ssN\ hnt£]n¨ "Snbm³tKmMv þ1 sâ ZuXyw 2013 Ahkm\n¡pw. AXn\ptijw  Snbm³tKmMvþ2, Snbm³tKmMvþ3 F¶nh hnt£]n¡m³   ssN\bv¡p ]²XnbpWvSv. Snbm³tKmMvþ1   bm{XnIÀ¡p cWvSv BgvNtb X§m³ km[n¡q. F¶mÂ,  Snbm³tKmMvþ2, Snbm³tKmMvþ3 F¶nhbn IqSpX¡mew Xmakn¡m³ Ignbpsa¶mWp IcpXp¶Xv.

`qan¡p hfsc ASp¯ {`aW]Y¯n k©cn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶ Hcp KthjWimebmWv A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\nebw. `qanbnÂ\n¶p \át\{X§Ä sImWvSp ImWmhp¶ Cu \nebw 386. -24 IntemaoäÀ Dbc¯n ØnXnsN¿p¶p (International Space Station  ISS). "BÂ^m' F¶ A\utZymKnI\ma¯nepw sF. Fkv. Fkv. Adnbs¸Sp¶p. - `qanbn KpcpXzmIÀjW _eapÅXn\m AXnsâ kzm[o\¯n sN¿m³ Ignbm¯ \nch[n ]co£W§Ä _lncmImi¯p \S¯m³ km[n¡pw. AXn\mWp _lncmImi¯p ]co£Wime Øm]n¨Xv.
1998 BWv Cu \neb¯nsâ \nÀamW {]hÀ¯\§Ä XpS§nbXv. _lncmImi¯nse {`aW]Y¯n k©cn¨psImWvSncns¡¯s¶bmWv A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\neb¯nsâ hnhn[ `mK§Ä kwtbmPn¸n¨Xv. aWn¡qdn 32,410 IntemaoäÀ thK¯n k©cn¨v Hcp Znhkw 15 XhW `qansb hew hbv¡p¶p. 419,600 Intem `mcapÅ \neb¯nsâ \ofw 110.03 aoädpw XmaktbmKyamb Øe¯nsâ hym]vXn 935 L\aoädpamWv. Htckabw Ggp _lncmImik©mcnIÄ¡p Xmakn¡m³ thWvS kmt¦XnIkÖoIcW§fpÅ _lncmImi\nebamWv sF.Fkv.Fkv. _lncmImi¯p \nÀan¨n«pÅXn ht¨ähpw henb \nebamWnXv. Hcp ^pSvt_mÄ {KuWvSnt\mfw hep¸apÅ Cu \neb¯n\p 453 sa{SnIv S¬ `mcapWvSv. \nch[n samUyqfpIfnembn Hcp t_mbnMv 747 Pwt_m Pänsâ A{Xbpw Øew CXn\pÅnepWvSv. sshZypXn D¸mZ\w e£yam¡n Øm]n¨n«pÅ \mep t^mt«m Ce{ÎnIv samUyqfpIfpw CXn DÄs¸Sp¶p. tdmt_m«v Ic§tfmSp IqSnb Hcp It\Unb³ \nÀanX am\n¸pteäÀ knÌhpw samss_ {Sm³kvt]mÀ«dpamWv sF.Fkv.Fknsâ {][m\ _mly`mKw.-
Atacn¡ (NASA), djy (RKA), P¸m³ (JAXA), Im\U (CSA) XpS§nb cmPy§fnsebpw ]ns¶ ]Xns\m¶v bqtdm]y³ cmPy§fnsebpw _lncmImi kwLS\IfpsS (ESA) kwbpàamb ]²XnbmWv A´mcm{ã _lncmImi \nebw. Atacn¡bpsS \mkbmWv Cu ]²Xn-¡p t\XrXzw sImSp¡p¶Xv.-
2010t¯mSp IqSn hnhn[ `mK§Ä {`aW]Y¯n kwtbmPn¸n¨p sImWvSv 2016 ]qÀWambn {]hÀ¯\kÖamhpw. 2008 hscbpÅ \nÀamW{]hÀ¯\§Ä A\pkcn¨v A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\neb¯nsâ 75% ]Wn Ignªp.

Ncn{Xw
                       
1980Ifn ioXkacw \ne\n¶ Ime¯v tkmhnbäv bq\nbsâ keyq«v (SALYUT), anÀ (MIR) F¶o _lncmImi\neb§Ä¡p _Zembn \mk "_lncmImi\nebw {^oUw' F¶ ]²Xnbpambn apt¶m«ph¶p. tkmhnbäv bq\nbsâbpw ioXkac¯nsâbpw Ahkm\t¯msS ]²Xn ISemkn am{Xambn HXp§n.-
1990Ifn Hcp bYmÀY A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\nebw ]Wnbm³ Atacn¡ AhcpsS A´mcm{ã ]¦mfnIfpambn NÀ¨IÄ XpS§n. 1993 _lncmImi\nebw  "BÂ^' F¶ t]cn Cu ]²XnbpsS BZy {]Jym]\w DWvSmbn.-
1998 \hw_dn A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\neb¯nsâ BZy`mKamb kmcnb (Zarya Functional Cargo Block) djy³ tdm¡ämb t{]mt«m¬ {`aW]Y¯nse¯n¨p. sF.Fkv.Fknsâ \mhntKj\pw \nb{´W¯n\pw thWvS kmt¦XnIkwhn[m\amWv Cu samUyqfnepWvSmbncp¶Xv. aäp cWvSp `mK§fmb Upsl bq\nänbpw (Duhe Unity Module) skzkvUbpw (Zvezda service module) hyXykvX hnt£]W¯neqsS {`aW]Y¯nse¯n¡pIbpw kmcnbbpsS apIfnepw Xmsgbpambn LSn¸n¡pIbpw sNbvXp.-
apJyambpw A©p imkv{Xhn`mK§fnemWv A´ÀtZiob _lncmImi\nebw ]T\§Ä \S¯p¶Xv. Pohimkv{Xw, _lncmImiimkv{Xw, `uaimkv{Xw, F³Pn\obdnMv KthjWw, imkv{Xkmt¦XnIhnZy F¶nhbmWv Ah. CXn {][m\ambpw Bdp kbân^nIv samUyqfpIfmWp kwhn[m\w sN¿s¸«ncn¡p¶Xv. Hcp samUyqfnÂ\n¶v CS\mgnbneqsS asäm¶nte¡p {]thin¡m³ Ignbpw. \nch[n cmPy§fpsS klIcWt¯msSbmWv sF.Fkv.Fkv. {]hÀ¯n¡p¶Xv. Atacn¡, djy, Im\U, P¸m³, {_koÂ, s_ÂPnbw, sU·mÀ¡v, {^m³kv, PÀa\n, Cäen, s\XÀe³Uvkv, t\mÀsh, kvs]bn³, kzoU³, kznävkÀe³Uv, {_n«³ F¶o cmPy§fmWv sF.Fkv.Fknse ]¦mfnIÄ.-
2000 \hw_dn _n³ sjt¸Uv(Bin Shepherd), bqdn KnZv sk³tIm (Yuri Gid zenko), skÀPn {InIsehv (Serigei krikale) F¶nhcpÄs¸« _lncmImikwLs¯ tkmbqkv sF.Fkv.Fkn F¯n¨p. ChÀ \mep amkw Cu _lncmImi\neb¯n sNehgn¨p. 2010 \hw_dn A´mcm{ã _lncmImi\nebw AXnsâ KthjW {]hÀ¯\§fpsS 10 hÀjw XnI¨p. imkv{X KthjW taJebnse A´mcmjv{S klIcW¯nsâ D¯a amXrIbmWnXv.  2001 sF. -Fkv. -Fkv. samUyqfpIfpsS F®w Bdmbn DbÀ¶p; CXn bp. -Fkv. hnt£]n¨ sU³knän et_md«dnbpw DÄs¸«ncp¶p.- XpSÀ¶,v  sF.Fkv.Fknse _lncmImi ]cyth£IÀ AhcpsS kabw _lncmImi\neb¯nsâ AäIpä¸WnIÄ \S¯p¶Xn\pw imkv{Xob ]cyth£W§Ä \S¯p¶Xn\pambn hn`Pn¨p. CXn\nSbn _-Päv Ipdhp aqew sF.Fkv.Fknse GXm\pw XpSÀ]cn]mSnIÄ d±m¡pIbpWvSmbn. 2003se sImfw_nb A]ISs¯¯pSÀ¶v sF.Fkv.Fknse _lncmImi ]cyth£IcpsS F®w cWvSm¡n Npcp¡n. F¶mÂ, kao]Ime¯p IqSpX t]sc AhnsS F¯n¨v KthjWw iàam¡m\mWp \o¡w.