\yq-UÂln: c-WvSp am-k-am-bn Xp-S-cp-¶ ka-cw A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡m³ X-bm-dm-sW¶v F-bÀ C-´y ss]-e-äp-am-cp-sS kwL-S-\ C-´y³ ss]-e-äv-kv KnÂ-Uv UÂ-ln ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-sb A-dn-bn¨p. ]n-cn-¨p-hn-« ss]-e-äp-am-sc Xn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡p-¶-Xpĸ-sS ss]-e-äp-am-cp-sS B-h-iy-§Ä A-\p-`m-h-]qÀ-hw ]-cn-K-Wn-¡p-sa-¶v F-bÀ C-´y am-t\-Pv-saâpw ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-¡v Dd-¸p \ÂIn.
434 ss]-e-äp-am-cm-Wv tPm-en-¡v Xn-cn-¨p I-b-dm³ X-bm-dm-sW-¶v k-Xy-hm-Mv-aq-ew \Â-In-b-Xv.
k-a-c¡m-tcmSpw am-t\-Pv-saân-t\mSpw CutKm A-h-km-\n-¸n-¨v {]-iv-\-]-cn-lm-c-¯n-\v h-gn-tX-Sm³ I-gn-ª Znh-kw UÂ-ln ssl-t¡mS-Xn B-h-iy-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.
{]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn-¨p Im-Wm³ tImS-Xn B-{K-ln-¡p¶p. F-bÀ C-´y thym-a-K-Xm-K-X ta-J-e-bn H¶mw Øm-\-s¯-¯-WwþI-gn-ª Znh-kw P-kv-än-kv tc-h tJ-{X-]m C-cp-Iq-«-cp-sSbpw A-`n-`mj-I-tcm-Sv B-h-iy-s¸«p.Xp-SÀ-¶m-Wv ka-cw A-h-km-\n-¸n-¡p-¶-Xmbn sF.]n.Pn-bpw B-h-iy-§Ä A-\p-`m-h-]qÀ-hw ]-cn-K-Wn-¡p-sa-¶v am-t\-Pv-saâpw tIm-S-Xn-¡v Dd-¸p \Â-In-bXv.
hnhn-[ B-h-iy-§Ä D-¶-bn-¨v ss]-e-äp-amÀ am-k-§Ä-¡p apt¼ am-t\-Pv-saân-t\m-Sv k-a-c `oj-Wn ap-g-¡n-bn-cp¶p. t_m-bn-Mv 787 {Uow-en-s\À hn-am-\-¯n-se ]-cn-ioe-\w ]p-\-{I-ao-I-cn-¨-tXm-sS-bm-Wv {]Xy-£ ka-cw Xp-S-§n-b-Xv. t_m-bn-Mv 787 {Uow-en-\-dn ap³ C-´y³ FbÀ-sse³-kv ss]-e-äp-amÀ-¡v ]-cn-ioe-\w \Â-Ip-¶-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bm-bn-cp-¶p {]Xy-£ k-acw. sa-Un-¡Â eo-hv F-Sp-¯p tPm-en-bn \n¶pw hn-«p \n-¶p sIm-WvSv sa-bv F-«p ap-X-em-Wv ka-cw Xp-S-§n-bXv.
k-a-c-¡mÀ-s¡-Xn-sc IÀ-i-\ \-S-]-Sn-bm-Wv am-t\-Pv-saâv kzo-I-cn-¨-Xv. 101 ss]-e-äp-am-sc ]n-cn-¨p-hn-Sp-I-bpw sF.]n.Pn-bp-sS Aw-Ko-Im-cw d-±m-¡p-Ibpw sN-bvXp.
ka-cw \n-b-a-]-c-a-sÃ-¶p UÂ-ln ssl-t¡mS-Xn c-WvSp {]m-hiyw Nq-WvSn-¡m-«n-bn-cp-¶p. 67 ss]-e-äp-amÀ-s¡-Xn-sc tIm-S-Xn-b-e-£y-¯n-\v t\m-«n-kv \Â-Ip-Ibpw sN-bvXp. F-¦nepw \n-cmlm-c k-a-c-apÄ-¸-sS-bp-Å k-a-c-ap-d-I-fp-am-bn ap-t¶m«p-t]m-hp-I-bm-Wv ss]-e-äp-amÀ sN-bv-XXv.
C-Xn-\n-sS ]n-cn-¨p-hn-«h-sc Xn-cn-s¨-Sp-¡-W-sa¶pw bq-\nb-sâ Aw-Ko-Im-cw ]p-\-Øm-]n-¡-W-sa-¶p-am-h-iy-s¸«v sF.]n.Pn hoWvSpw ssl-t¡m-S-Xn-bn-se-¯n. Cu lc-Pn ]-c-K-Wn-¡-sh-bm-Wv hn-«p-ho-gv-Nm \n-e-]m-sS-Sp-¡m³ C-cp-Iq-«-tcmSpw tImS-Xn B-h-iy-s¸-«Xpw C-t¸mÄ ka-cw H-¯p-XoÀ-¸m-Ip-¶-Xpw.
