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kucbqY¯n `qanbn am{Xta Pew {ZmhImhØbn \ne\n¡p¶pÅq F¶mWv ASp¯Imew hsc imkv{XÚÀ hnizkn¨ncp¶Xv. A§s\bncns¡bmWv 2008 N{µ\n PeapsWvS¶pÅXn\p kqN\IÄ e`n¨Xv. N{µsâ Z£nW {[ph¯nemWp aªpI«IÄ IsWvS¯nbXv. kucbqY¯n  asämcnS¯pw PeapWvSmhm³ km[yXbnà F¶v At¸mgpw IcpXn. F¶mÂ, Ct¸mgnXm FÃm hnizmk§sfbpw sXän¨psImWvSv i\nbpsS D]{Klamb ssSäsâ D]cnXe¯n\p Xmsgbmbn, Ipd¨Ã, kap{Z§ÄXs¶ DWvSmbncn¡Wsa¶p IsWvS¯nbncn¡p¶p. 

N{µ\n ImWp¶ CcpWvS {]tZi§Ä kap{Z§fmsW¶p sXän²cn¨mWv BZyIme \nco£IÀ Ahbv¡v acnb (emän³ `mjbn ISepIÄ) F¶ t]cp \ÂInbXv. hmkvXh¯n Hcphn[¯n t\m¡nbm N{µ\n PeapWvSmbncn¡m³ km[yXtbbnÃ. ImcWw, N{µ\v A´co£anÃm¯Xn\m kqcycivanIÄ t\cnt«Â¡p¶ hi¯v Xm]\ne hfsc DbÀ¶pw adphi¯v Xosc Xmgv¶pw Ccnt¡WvSXmWv. A´co£anÃm¯Xn\m Pew thK¯n _mjv]oIcn¨v _lncmImit¯¡p \ãamthWvSXmWv. 

F¦nepw 2008 C´ybpsS N{µbm³ F¶ Nm{µ]cyth£Wbm\w N{µsâ Hcp`mK¯v PeapÅXnsâ kqN\IÄ IsWvS¯n. XpSÀ¶v, \mkbpsS FÂt{Imkv F¶ Nm{µ]cyth£Wn N{µ\n At\Iw enäÀ Pe¯n\p Xpeyamb sFkpÅXmbn IsWvS¯n. Z£nW {[ph¯nemWv AhcnXp IWvSXv. XoÀ¨bmbpw CXv Bcpw {]Xo£n¡m¯ IsWvS¯embncp¶p. 

sNmÆbn \oÀ¨mepIfpsWvS¶p ]WvSpIme¯p hnizkn¨ncp¶p. sNmÆbn Pe]mXIfpsWvS¶v 19mw \qämWvSn Pntbmhm\n jnbm]mscÃn(1835þ1910) F¶ {]ikvX Cämenb³ tPymXnimkv{XÚ³ {]Jym]n¨p. ]ecpw CXp \nco£n¡pIbpw AXnsâ hniZamb Nn{X§Ä X¿mdm¡pIbpw sNbvXp. kp{]kn² Atacn¡³ tPymXnimkv{XÚ\mb s]gvknh temhÂ(1855þ1916) Cu Bib¯n\p Imcyamb {]NmcWw \ÂIpIbpw Pe]mXIÄ AhnSs¯ _p²nbpÅ PohnIÄ ImÀjnImhiy¯n\p \nÀan¨XmsW¶phsc A`n{]mbs¸SpIbpw sNbvXp. ZqcZÀin\nbneqsS t\m¡pt¼mÄ IWvS Nne hcIfmWv C§s\ Nn´n¡m³ t{]cn¸n¨Xv. sNmÆbn Pe]mXIfpsWvS¦n Ah `qanbnÂ\n¶v ZqcZÀin\nbneqsS Zriyamhnsöpw Pe]mXIsf¶p hnNmcn¨Xv `qanbpsS A´co£¯neqsS IS¶phcpt¼mÄ {]Imi¯n\pWvSmhp¶ hyXnbm\§fpsS ^eamsW¶pw 19mw \qämWvSnsâ A´yt¯msS am{Xta Xncn¨dnbm\mbpÅq. _lncmImihml\§Ä sNmÆbv¡p kao]w sN¶p \nco£W§Ä \S¯nbt¸mÄ AhnsS Iqä³ InS§pIfpw aäpw IsWvS¯pIbpWvSmbn. Ch ]sWvSmcpIme¯v sNmÆbn Pew HgpInbncp¶Xnsâ ASbmfamsW¶v Ct¸mgpw ]ecpw IcpXp¶pWvSv. 

ip{I\n PeapWvSmhWsa¶v HcpIme¯v IcpXnbncp¶p. ]e coXnbnepw kucbqY¯n `qanbpambn Gähpw kmayapÅ {KlamWv ip{I³. AXnsâ hep¸w GXmWvSv `qanbpsS A{XXs¶ hcpw. F¶mÂ, a\pjy\nÀanXamb t]SI§Ä ip{I\nse¯nbt¸mÄ AhnSs¯ kmlNcyw Pe¯n\p {ZmhImhØbn \ne\n¡m³ Xosc tbmPn¨Xsöp a\Ênembn. `utam]cnXe¯nse A´co£aÀ±¯nsâ 92 Cc«nbmWv ip{Isâ D]cnXe¯nÂ! Xm]\nebmsW¦n 467 Un{Kn skânt{KUpw. B ØnXn¡v ip{Isâ D]cnXe¯n PeapWvSmhnà F¶pd¸mWtÃm. ip{I³ DZv`hn¨Xv `qantbmsSm¸ambncn¡Ww. A§s\sb¦n AhnsSbpw HcpIme¯p PeapWvSmbncp¶ncn¡Ww. B PesaÃmw \ocmhnbmbn A´co£¯n DbcpIbpw Dbc§fn h¨v kqcysâ IncW§tfäp hnLSn¨v ssl{UP\pw HmIvknP\pw Bbn _lncmImit¯¡p \ãs¸SpIbpw sNbvXncn¡Ww F¶p imkv{XÚÀ IcpXp¶p. 

hymgw Ignªm kucbqY¯nse Gähpw henb {Klw i\nbmWv. kucbqY¯n kqcy\nÂ\n¶pÅ Bdmas¯ {Klw. hmXI`oa·mcpsS Iq«¯nÂt¸mepw XmcXtay\ `mcw Ipdª {KlamWp i\n. ImcWw, {Klw sam¯amsbSp¡pt¼mÄ AXn\p Pet¯¡mÄ km{µX IpdhmWv. Pe¯nsâ 69 iXam\w km{µXtbbpÅq i\n¡v. hfb§Ä BZyw IsWvS¯nb {Klw i\nbmWv. Imcyamb A´co£apÅXpw kucbqY¯nse cWvSmas¯ (hymg¯nsâ D]{Klamb Km\naoUv IgnªmÂ) Gähpw hepXpamb D]{Klw ssSä³ i\n¡v kz´amWv. A§s\ ]e {]tXyIXIfpapÅ {KlamWp i\n. 

N{µt\¡mÄ ]IpXnIqSn hep¸apWvSv ssSä\v. _p[{Klt¯¡mÄ hym]vXn IqSpXepw. ]mdbpw L\o`hn¨ PehpamWv ssSä\n apJyambpÅXv. aäv D]{Kl§fnÂ\n¶p hyXykvXambn ssSä\n A´co£apsWvS¶p IsWvS¯nbXv 1903 kv]m\njv tPymXnimkv{XÚ\mb tlmsk tImakv C tkme BWv. ip{Isâ Imcy¯nse¶Xpt]mse L\tadnb, taLmhrXamb A´co£w \nan¯w D]cnXes¯¸än H¶pw ]Tn¡m³ _lncmImit]SI§fpsS Imesa¯p¶Xphsc Ignªncp¶nÃ. 1997 \mkbpw bqtdm]y³þPm¸\okv _lncmImi KthjWtI{µ§fpw tNÀ¶p hnt£]n¨ Imkn\nþsslP³kv F¶ t]SI¯nsâ sslP³kv F¶dnbs¸Sp¶ Hcp `mKw 2005 P\phcnbn ssSäsâ D]cnXe¯nend§pIbpw hnhc§fb¡pIbpw sNbvXp. BZyNn{X§fn Pemib§sf¶p tXm¶n¡p¶ CcpWvS {]tZi§Ä Zriyambncp¶p. Pew HgpInt¸mbn henb Pemib¯nte¡p hogp¶ {]XoXn P\n¸n¡p¶ Nn{X§fmbncp¶p Ah. Nn{X§fnÂ\n¶v BZyw tXm¶nbXv t]SIw Nfn \ndª {]tZi¯mWv Cd§nbXv F¶mWv. IqSpX hniZamb ]T\w ImWn¨Xv Nn{X¯n CcpWvSXmbn IWvS {]tZi¯pXs¶bmWp t]SIw Cd§nbXv F¶mWv. ]n¶oSp a\Ênembn NfnbÃ, aWemsW¶v. aW F¶p tXm¶n¨Xv sFkv XcnIfmsW¶p ]ns¶ sXfnªp. A´co£¯n [mcmfw aotY\pWvSv F¶v sslP³kv A´co£¯neqsS Cd§pt¼mÄ tiJcn¨ hnhc§Ä ImWn¨p. Cd§nb Øe¯v henb sFkv I«IÄ DÅXmbn kqN\IfpWvSmbncp¶p. kap{Zwt]mse tXm¶nbXv {ZmhImhØbnepÅ aotY³ t]mepÅ ssPhcmkhkvXp¡fmhmsa¶p IcpXs¸Sp¶p.

ssSäsâ D]cnXe¯n henb thentbä§Ä IWvSmWv AXn\Snbn PeapWvSmbncn¡Wsa¶p imkv{XÚ·mÀ Dd¸n¨Xv. ssSäsâ BIrXn IrXyamb tKmfcq]aÃ, A¸w \oWvSncn¡p¶ cq]amWv. sNdnsbmcp shÅcn¡t]mse. i\n¡v kao]sa¯pIbpw AI¶pt]mhpIbpw sN¿pt¼mÄ AXnsâ \ofw IqSpIbpw IpdbpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv imkv{XÚÀ Imkn\nbnÂ\n¶pÅ hnhc§fnÂ\n¶p IWvSp. 2006 s^{_phcn 27\pw 2011 s^{_phcn 18\pw CSbv¡pÅ Ime¯v Imkn\n BdpXhW ssSä\v hfsc kao]¯pIqSn IS¶pt]mbn. B kab¯pÅ \nco£W§fnÂ\n¶mWv ssSäsâ D]cnXe¯n henb thentbä§Ä AhÀ IWvSXv. i\nbpsS KpcpXzmIÀjW_ew hfsc iàntbdnbXmsW¦nepw Hcp aq¶Snbn IqSpX hyXymkw D]cnXe¯n imkv{XÚÀ {]Xo£n¨ncp¶nÃ. F¶mÂ, ssSäsâ D]cnXew 30 ASntbmfw DbcpIbpw XmgpIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv AhÀ IWvSXv. `qanbnsetbm N{µ\nsetbm t]mse ]mdbpw aäpamWv AXnepÅXv F¦n C{Xbpw hyXnbm\w DWvSmhnà F¶hÀ XoÀ¨bm¡n. A§s\bmWv D]cnXe¯n\p Xmsg henb kap{ZapWvSmbncn¡Ww F¶ Xocpam\¯n Ahsc¯nbXv. Cu \nKa\s¯ XoÀ¨bmbpw Hcp {]mYanI \nKa\amtb ImWm\mhq. IqSpX \nco£W§fnÂ\n¶v Dt]mÂ_eIamb sXfnhpIÄ e`n¨mte ssSäsâ D]cnXe¯n\p Iogn kap{ZapsWvS¶v \ap¡v Dd¸n¡m\mhq. 

Hcp {Kl¯ntem D]{Kl¯ntem [mcmfw PeapWvSv F¶pÅXv AhnsS Poh\pWvSmbncn¡m\pÅ km[yXbnte¡p hncÂNqWvSp¶ ImcyamWv. AXpsImWvSv ssSä\n kq£vaPohnIsf¦nepw DWvSmbncn¡mw F¶p \ap¡p k¦Â¸n¡mw. ssSä\nse Cu AhØ kqNn¸n¡p¶ asämcpImcyw CXpt]mse aäp Nne D]{Kl§fnepw Pehpw Hcp]t£ Poh\pw DWvSmbncn¡mw F¶mWv. A§s\sb¦nÂ, `qan am{Xaà Poh³ \ne\nÀ¯p¶ {Klw F¶p hcp¶ntÃ? am{XaÃ, Hcp]t£ a\pjy\v HcpIme¯v IpSntbdm\pÅ Hcp ØewIqSnbmhp¶ntÃ? 

(Cu teJ\w {Intbäohv tIma¬kv ssek³kn {]kn²oIcn¨ncn¡p¶p.)