A\p tkmfa³

im´kap{Z¯nse acnbm\ Zzo]nse Sn\nbm\nÂ\n¶v 1945 BKkvXv Bdn\p ]peÀs¨ Atacn¡³ thymatk\bpsS _nþ29 t_mw_À hnam\amb Ft\metK ]pds¸«p. tk\bnse anSp¡\mb ss]eäv t]mÄ Sn_ävkmWp hnam\w ]d¯nbncp¶Xv. Sn_ävknsâ A½bpsS t]cmbncp¶p B hnam\¯n\p \ÂInbXv. B "A½'bv¡pÅn Hcp t_mw_pWvSmbncp¶p; enän t_mbv F¶ tImUv `mjbnepÅ Hcp Iqä³ t_mw_v. A¶phsc temIs¯mcnS¯pw Bcpw D]tbmKn¨n«nÃm¯ Hcp {]tXyI Xcw t_mw_mbncp¶p AXv.
Ggp aWn¡qÀ \oWvS bm{Xbvs¡mSphn Ft\metK lntcmjnabpsS BImis¯¯n. kabw cmhnse 8.15. lntcmjnabv¡p apIfnÂ, 32,000 ASn Dbc¯n h¨v enän t_mbnsb Xmsg¡n«v Ft\metK AXnthKw ]d¶p amdn. lntcmjnabpsS 800 ASn  apIfnÂh¨v enän t_mbv AXn`oIcambn s]m«ns¯dn¨p. sIm¨pIp«n Hcp henb `oIc\mbn amdm³ A[nIkabw thWvSnh¶nÃ.  Idp¯ IqWnsâ BIrXnbnepÅ Hcp taL]Sew lntcmjnasb s]mXnªp. GXm\pw \nanj§Ä¡Iw B sIm¨p]«Ww XIÀ¶p Xcn¸Wambn. Bbncw kqcy·mÀ H¶n¨p s]m«nbXpt]msebmbncp¶p AXv. F´mWp kw`hn¡p¶Xv F¶p a\Ênem¡p¶Xn\p ap¼pXs¶ ]ecpsSbpw Poh³ \ãs¸«ncp¶p. XIÀ¶ \Kc¯n ]mXnsh´ tZlhpambn ]ecpw {]mWthZ\tbmsS ]mªp. s]mÅn sXmenbSÀ¶ tZlhpambn th¨pth¨p \S¶ Ipªp§fn ]ecpw hne]n¨p: ""At½, shÅw, shÅw...'' s]mÅ kln¡m³ IgnbmsX H«mKmh \Znbntes¡Sp¯p NmSnb BfpIÄ Xnf¨p adnªp InS¶ncp¶ shůn sh´p acn¨p. GXmWvSv 90,000 apX 1,66,000 hsc  BfpIfmWv lntcmjnabn acn¨phoWXv.
AWphnIncW¯nsâ A\´c^etaäphm§n ]n¡me¯p \qdpIW¡n\mfpIÄ AhnsS acn¨phoWp. temIw km£nbmb BZy BWhZpc´ambncp¶p A¶v lntcmjnabnepWvSmbXv. Bäwt_mw_v hoW kab¯p \nÝeamb \mgnIaWn Zpc´{]XoIambn C¶papWvShnsS.


am³l«³ s{]mPIvävvv


1942 apXÂ 1945 hsc \S¶ cWvSmw temIbp²Ime¯v Bäwt_mw_v \nÀamW¯n\mbn Im\UbpsSbpw Cw¥WvSnsâbpw klIcWt¯msS Atacn¡ \S¸m¡nb KthjW]²XnbmWv am³l«³ ]²Xn.
 bp.Fkv. BÀan F³Pn\obdnMv Xeh\mb taPÀ P\d seÉn t{Kmhvknsâ IognemWv Cu KthjWw \S¶ncp¶Xv. Uhe]vsasâvv Hm^v k_vÌnäyq«vv saäocnbÂkv F¶ HutZymKnI tImUv\ma¯n am³l«³PnÃbn \S¶ph¶ncp¶ Cu KthjWw ]n¶oSv am³l«³ s{]mPIväv F¶mbn amdpIbmbncp¶p.  1939emWp ]²Xn Bcw`n¨Xv. C¶s¯ 25.8 _ney¬ bp.Fkv. tUmfdn\p Xpeyamb XpIbmWp ]²Xn¡mbn sNehgn¨Xv. 1939 cWvSmw temIbp²¯nsâ Bcw`\mfpIfn {]apJ imkv{XÚ³ BÂ_À«vv sF³Ìo³ Atacn¡³ {]knUâvv {^m¦vfn³ Un. dqkvshÂän\b¨ I¯nÂ\n¶mWv Bäwt_mw_ns\¡pdn¨pÅ KthjW]²XnIfpsS XpS¡w.  ASp¯nsS IsWvS¯nb ¹qt«mWnbhpw bptd\nb¯nsâ sFtkmtSm¸mb bptd\nbw 235 ip²oIcns¨Sp¯pw ]pXnb C\w iàamb t_mw_v \nÀan¡m³ PÀa³ \mknIÄ ]²XnIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶psWvS¶mbncp¶p  I¯nsâ DÅS¡w. CXp kw_Ôn¨v sF³Ìo\v {]apJ `uXnIimkv{XÚ³ entbm knemÀUv (Leo Szilard) I¯b¨ncp¶p. XpSÀ¶v, ]²Xnbn Xm¸cyw tXm¶nb Atacn¡³ kÀ¡mÀ Bäw t_mw_v \nÀamW¯n\mbpÅ am³l«³ s{]mPIvän\p cq]w \ÂIn. AWpt_mw_v \nÀamW¯n\pÅ sNbn³ dnbmIvj\mhiyamb  k¼pjvS bptd\nbw 235 thÀXncns¨Sp¡pI F¶Xmbncp¶p imkv{XÚÀ t\cn« shÃphnfn. A¡me¯p bptd\nbw 235 thÀXncns¨Sp¡m³ imkv{XÚÀ¡p km[n¨ncps¶¦nepw k¼pjvS  bptd\nbw hfsc Ipdª Afhn am{XamWp e`n¨ncp¶Xv. XpSÀ¶v DbÀ¶ tXmXn k¼pjvS bptd\nbw e`n¡p¶Xn\mbn  HmIv dUvPn Hcp ]co£Wimebv¡p cq]w \ÂIn. k¼pjvS bptd\nbw thÀXncns¨Sp¡m³  sImfw_nb kÀhIemimebnse ltcmÄUv kn. Dtdbpw Imet^mÀWnb kÀhIemimebnse GWÌv H. temd³kpw \ho\amÀK§Ä BhnjvIcn¨tXmsS ]²Xn {]hÀ¯\§Ä¡p thKw IqSn. BdphÀjw \oWvSp\n¶ KthjW¯ns\mSphn ]²XnbpsS XpS¡w apX HSp¡w hsc ]co£W§Ä¡p t\XrXzw \ÂInb tdm_À«v Hm¸¬ slbvadnsâ taÂt\m«¯n 1945 Pqsse 16\v cmhnse 5.29\v Atacn¡bnse \yqsaIvknt¡mbnse sPakv ]ÀhX\ncIfn  Z KmUvPäv F¶ tImUv \ma¯n t_mw_v ]co£n¨p. kvt^mS\¯nsâ Xo{hX 120 ssaepIÄ¡¸pd¯pÅhÀ t]mepw A\p`hn¨dnªp. BZy]co£W¯nsâ {]`mhw IWvSdnª \m«pImÀ `bNInXcmhpIbpw XpSÀ¶v, C¯cw ]co£W§Ä X§fpsS \m«n BhÀ¯n¡cpsX¶v kÀ¡mcnt\mSv A`yÀYn¡pIbpw sNbvXt{X.
]co£W tijw slbvaÀ `KhXvKoXbn \n¶pÅ hcnIÄ Dcphn«p. AXn{]Imcambncp¶p: ""Rm³ acWambn¡gnªp; temI¯nsâ A´I³.''

enän t_mbvvv

lntcmjnabn a\pjy¡pcpXn¡p]tbmKn¨ AWp t_mw_nsâ tImUv \maamWv enän t_mbv. cWvSmw temIbp²Ime¯p am³l«³ s{]mPIväv hgnbmWv CXp hnIkn¸ns¨Sp¯Xv. s{]mPIväv UbdÎÀ tdm_À«v Hm]¬ slbvadpsS injy\mb tdm_À«v skÀ_dmWv A¶p cq]w\ÂInb aq¶p t_mw_pIÄ¡pw t]cn«Xv. k¼pjvS bptd\nbw 235sâ AWphn`P\w (\yq¢nbÀ ^nj³) aqeamWv t_mw_v \nÀan¡p¶Xv.  16 Intem S¬ Sn.F³.Sn. DuÀPt¯msS s]m«ns¯dn¡p¶ ChbpsS {]lctijn hfsc DbÀ¶ AfhnemWpÅXv. GItZiw 300 sk.ao. \ofw, 71 sk.ao. hoXn, 4400 In.{Kmw `mcw F¶nhbmWv "enän t_mbn'bpsS khntijX. \yq¢nbÀ sNbn³ dnbmIvj³ {]hÀ¯\w hgnbmWv t_mw_nsâ kvt^mS\w \S¡pI. t_mw_neS§nbncn¡p¶ 64 In.{Kmw bptd\nbw \yq¢nbÀ ^nj\v hnt[bamhpt¼mÄ D¸mZn¸n¡s¸Sp¶ DuÀPw NqSpw {]Imihpambn cq]saSp¯mWv `oIckvt^mS\apWvSmhp¶Xv.  \mKkm¡nsb XIÀ¯ AWpt_mw_mWv "^mävam³.'

ln_m¡pj

P¸m\okv `mjbn ln_m¡pj F¶m acn¡msX \odn\odn acn¡p¶hÀ F¶mWÀYw. temI¯n A¶phsc Bcpw D]tbmKn¨n«nÃm¯ hfsc `oIcamb \ioIcWtijnbpÅ AWpt_mw_mWv lntcmjnabnepw \mKkm¡nbnepw {]tbmKn¨Xv. DbÀ¶ Afhn AWphnIncWw ]pd´Åp¶ Ch `mhnXeapdbnte¡pw amcIamb AkpJ§fmWp ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp¶Xv. 1,66,000 t]À acn¨n«psWvS¶mWp IW¡pIÄ kqNn¸n¡p¶Xv. AXntesd BfpIÄ AWphnIncWw (tdUntbj³) Gäphm§n ]n¡me¯p acWs¸«p.