sI i_oÀ Aen, \yqUÂln
aym³adnse AcI³ {]hniybnse tdmln³Ky apkvenwIÄ ZimЧfmbn A\p`hn¨psImWvSncn¡p¶ a\pjymhImiewL\§fpsS XpSÀ¨bmWv Ignª Pq¬ aq¶n\v Act§dnb Iq«s¡meIÄ. 1938 \S¶ Iq«s¡mebn Bbnc¯ntesd tdmln³Ky apkvenwIÄ sImesN¿s¸SpIbpw A©pe£¯ntesd t]À P·tZiw shSnbm³ \nÀ_ÔnXcmhpIbpw sNbvXp. 1942 \S¶ Iem]¯n GItZiw H¶ce£w t]cmWp sIme sN¿s¸«Xv. ]n¶oSv 1947se Iem]hpw 1954se Hm]tdj³ a¬kqWpw 1978se InMv{UmK¬ Hm]tdj\pw ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\p apkvenwIsf D·qe\w sNbvXp.
aym³aÀ, _p²aXhnizmknIfmb _Àa¡mÀ¡p am{Xw F¶ k¦pNnXho£W¯nsâ CcIfmWhÀ. aym³adnsâ AXnÀ¯nIfnepÅ tKm{XhÀK¡mtcmSpw bwKq¬ `cWIqSw C¯cw \ne]mSmWp kzoIcn¨ncn¡p¶sX¦nepw tKm{X§fn ]eXpw kmbp[cmbXn\m C¯c¯nepÅ a\pjymhImiewL\§Ä \S¡mdnÃ. \qämWvSpIfmbn aym³adn Xmakn¡p¶, GsXmcp _Àa¡mcs\bpw t]mse ]ucmhImi§fpÅ P\hn`mKamWv tdmln³KyIÄ. F¶mÂ, C¡mea{Xbpw ]ucXzw \ÂImsX Ahsc ]mÀizh¡cn¡pIbmbncp¶p _Àaokv ssk\nI `cWIqSw.
Ct¸mgpÅ Iem]w t\ct¯ Bkq{XWw sNbvXXmhm\mWp km[yX. F¶mÂ, AXn\p ap¼pXs¶ AXn\pÅ kmlNcyw `cWIqSsamcp¡nbncp¶p. _p²nÌv s]¬Ip«nIsf _emÂkwKw sNbvXpsh¶ IÅ{]NmcWt¯msSbmWv kam[m\{]nbsc¶p kzbw \Sn¡p¶ _u²À apkvenw{]tZi§Ä¡p t\sc B{IaWw XpS§nbXv. Iem]¯n 300e[nIw {Kma§fpw aX]mTimeIfpw ]ÅnIfpw XIÀ¡s¸«p. Poh`bw ImcWw e£¡W¡n\v BfpIfmWv _w¥mtZinte¡p ]emb\w sNbvXXv. lko\m hmPnZv `cn¡p¶ _w¥mtZiv Xncn¨b¨Xn\m Ht«sd t]À ISen ap§nacn¨p. A{IanIÄ {S¡pIfn sImWvSph¶pXÅnb Icnª arXtZl§fpsS ]S§Ä tkmjy s\ävhÀ¡pIfmWv BZyw ]pd¯psImWvSph¶Xv. aym³adn kzX{´ am[yakwLS\Isfm¶pw {]hÀ¯n¡p¶nÃ. kÀ¡mÀ hI hmÀ¯m GP³kn am{XamWpÅXv. IÀ^yq_m[nX {]tZis¯ tdmln³Ky apkvenwIfpsS k¼s¯Ãmw Xo{h _u²À sImÅbSn¨ hmÀ¯IÄ ]n¶oSmWp ]pd¯ph¶Xv. aym³adnse apkvenw hwilXys¡Xntc sFIycm{ãk` c£mkanXn hsc D¡WvT {]ISn¸n¨p. sFIycm{ãk`bpsS P\d Akw»n "hwilXy' am\hcmins¡XntcbpÅ IpäIrXyambn {]Jym]n¨n«pWvSv. hwilXy \nÀ_m[w XpScp¶ aym³aÀ `cWIqSs¯ A´mcm{ã \oXn\ymbhyhØbpsS ap¶n sImWvSphtcWvS kabw AXn{Ian¨ncn¡p¶p. Hcp cmPys¯ \yq\]£hn`mKw Kh¬saânsâ H¯mitbmsS sIms¶mSp¡s¸Spt¼mÄ A´mcm{ãkaql¯n\p ssk\nI CSs]Sen\p hsc \ymbapWvSv. tdmln³Ky Iq«s¡mebpsS ZpxJIcamb Hcp hiw, aym³adn a\pjymhImi§Ä¡pthWvSn kacw sNbvX s\mt_ tPXmhv HmMvkm³ kq¨n B hnjb¯n ImWn¨ Cc«¯m¸mWv. _p²aX¡mcÃm¯ _Àa¡mÀ ]uc³amÀt]mepaà F¶ GIm[n]Xy`cWIqS¯nsâ \ne]mSns\ ]tcm£ambn ]n´pWbv¡pIbmbncp¶p AhÀ. _p²nÌv kam[m\¯nsâ DPze {]XoIamb Zsseemabpw Xsâ aX¡mÀ dm¡bv\n Iq«s¡mebpw sImÅnhbv]pw XpSÀ¶t¸mÄ Hcp hm¡pw D¨cn¨nÃ. ZpxJIcamWv AhcpsS \nÈÐX.
